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This can typically be done at no up-front cost to the user. They allow users to obtain virtually instant translations of information they wish to consume or convey in a different language. These systems have been in development since the 1950s (Somers, 2007). Multilingual communication needs are increasingly met by automatic translation systems, also known as machine translation (MT). In the wake of globalisation and a diversifying online population (Wu & Taneja, 2016), communicating across languages, whether in professional or personal contexts, is now a common experience of everyday life. We highlight this as a persistent issue that merits further attention from researchers and policymakers. Finally, the article concludes that MT technology can in its current state exacerbate social inequalities and put certain communities of users at greater risk. Second, the review highlights a broad societal need for higher levels of awareness of the specific strengths and, crucially, of the limitations of MT. The article calls for cross-disciplinary research to address this gap by ensuring that a growing body of relevant knowledge in translation studies informs research conducted within the medical and legal sectors. First, the review shows that research on MT use in healthcare and law can often disregard the complexities of language and language translation. Its findings prompt calls for action in three areas. Based on a critical literature review, the article presents a qualitative meta-analysis of official documents and published research on the use of MT in these two fields. This article is the first structured study of the consequences of uninformed MT use in healthcare and law. MT errors pose serious risks in environments like these, but there is little understanding of the nature of these risks and of the wider implications of using this technology. In addition to private use situations, this technology is now used to overcome language barriers in high-risk settings such as hospitals and courts. The ready availability of machine translation (MT) systems such as Google Translate has profoundly changed how society engages with multilingual communication practices.
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